INGREDIENT

AMOUNT

SUBSTITUTE

Allspice

1 teaspoon

1/2 teaspoon cinnamon & 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves

Ammonium carbonate

3/4 teaspoon

1 teaspoon baking soda

Apple pie spice

1 teaspoon

1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg & 1/8 teaspoon cardamon

Arrowroot starch

1 teaspoon

1 Tablespoon flour
OR
1/2 Tablespoon cornstarch

Baking powder

1 teaspoon

1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 5/8 teaspoon cream of tartar
OR
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup)
OR
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/2 Tablespoon vinegar or lemon juice used with sweet milk to make 1/2 cup liquid (decrease liquid by 1/2 cup)
OR
1/4 teaspoon baking soda plus 1/4 to 1/2 cup molasses

Bread crumbs

1/3 cup, dry
1/4 cup, soft
1/4 cup, dry

1 slice bread
1 slice bread
1/4 cup cracker crumbs OR 1/4 cup cornmeal

Bay leaf

1 whole

1/4 teaspoon crushed

Beau Monde seasoning

1 teaspoon

1 teaspoon seasoned salt
OR
1/2 teaspoon salt
OR
1/2 teaspoon Mei Yen seasoning

Broth

1 cup

1 bouillon cube
OR
1 teaspoon powdered bouillon cube in 1 cup boiling water

Bouillon

1 cube

1 teaspoon powdered bouillon

Bell Pepper

1 Tablespoon Dried

3 Tablespoons chopped fresh

Butter

1 cup

7/8 cup shortening
OR
7/8 cup oil
OR
7/8 cup lard
OR
1 cup margarine

*Oil is not directly substitutable for solid fats in baked products. Use recipes formulated for oil if a product made with oil is desired.

Carob

3 Tablespoons

substitute same amount of carob for cocoa
OR
1 oz chocolate = 3 Tablespoons carob or cocoa + 1 Tablespoon shortening

Catsup

1 cup

1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup sugar and 2 Tablespoons vinegar (for cooking use)

Chili sauce

1 cup

1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup brown sugar, 1 Tablespoon vinegar, 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon, dash of cloves & dash of allspice

Chives, fresh

2 teaspoons

2 teaspoons chopped green onion tops

Chocolate chips, semi-sweet

1 ounce

1 oz sweet cooking chocolate

Chocolate, unsweetened

1 ounce

3 Tablespoons cocoa plus 1 Tablespoon fat
OR
3 Tablespoons carob plus 2 Tablespoons water

Chocolate, semi-sweet

1-2/3 ounce

1 ounce unsweetened chocolate plus 4 teaspoons sugar

Cocoa

1/4 cup

1 oz chocolate and omit 1/2 Tablespoon fat

Corn syrup

1 cup

1 cup sugar plus 1/4 cup liquid

Cracker crumbs

3/4 cup

1 cup bread crumbs

Cornstarch

1 Tablespoon

2 Tablespoons flour

Cream, half-and-half

1 cup

7/8 cup milk plus 3 Tablespoons butter

Cream, light

1 cup

7/8 cup milk plus 4 Tablespoons butter

Cream, heavy

1 cup

3/4 cup milk plus 1/3 cup butter, won't whip

Dill

3 heads

1 Tablespoon dried dill seed or weed; 3 Tablespoons fresh dill

Egg

1 whole

3 Tablespoons beaten egg OR 2 egg whites OR 1/4 cup egg substitute

Egg White

1

2 teaspoons sifted dry egg white powder plus 2 Tablespoons water

Egg Yolk

1

2 Tablespoons sifted dry egg yolk powder plus 2 teaspoons water

Flour, for thickening

1 Tablespoon

1-1/2 teaspoons cornstarch, arrowroot, potato or rice starch
OR
1 Tablespoon granular tapioca
OR
1 egg, 2 egg whites or 2 egg yolks
OR
1-1/2 Tablespoons whole-wheat flour

Flour, for baking

1 cup sifted

1 cup plus 2 Tablespoons cake flour
OR
1 cup minus 2 Tablespoons unsifted flour
OR
1-1/2 cups bread crumbs
OR
1 cup rolled oats
OR
1/3 cup cornmeal plus 2/3 cup flour
OR
3/4 cup whole wheat flour and 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
OR
1 cup rye or rice flour

Flour, cake

1 cup

1 cup minus 2 Tablespoons all-purpose flour

Flour, self-rising

1 cup

1 cup minus 2 teaspoons flour plus1-1/2 teaspoons baking powder and 1/2 teaspoon salt

Garlic

1 clove

1/8 teaspoon garlic powder OR 1 teaspoon chopped garlic

Gelatin, flavored

3 oz pkg. prepared

1 Tablespoon plain gelatin plus 2 cups fruit juice

Ginger

1/8 teaspoon

1 Tablespoon candied ginger rinsed in water to remove sugar, finely chopped OR 1/2 teaspoon raw ginger

Herbs

1 teaspoon dry for 1 Tablespoon fresh chopped

Herbs (dried in general): 1/2 teaspoon dried equals 1/4 teaspoon ground equals 2-3 teaspoons freshly minced)

Honey

1 cup

1-1/4 cups sugar and 1/4 cup liquid

Horseradish

1 Tablespoon fresh

2 Tablespoons prepared

Lemon Juice

1 teaspoon

1/2 teaspoon vinegar

Lemon

1 whole

3 Tablespoons juice plus 2 teaspoons rind

Lemon rind

1 teaspoon

1/2 teaspoon extract

Marshmallows, miniature

1 cup

10 large

Marshmallow crème

1 jar

Melt 16 ounces of marshmallows and 3-1/2 Tablespoons corn syrup in a double broiler

Milk, buttermilk

1 cup

1 cup milk minus 1 Tablespoon plus 1 Tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar
OR
1 cup milk plus 1-3/4 teaspoons cream of tartar
OR
1 cup yogurt or sour cream

Milk, skim

1 cup

5 Tablespoons non-fat dry milk powder plus water to 1 cup
OR
1/2 cup evaporated skim milk plus 1/2 cup water

Milk, sweetened condensed

1 can (about 1-1/3 cups)

Heat 1/3 cup and 2 Tablespoons evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar, and 3 Tablespoons margarine

Milk, whole

1 cup

1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk plus 2 teaspoons margarine
OR
1/2 cup evaporated milk plus 1/2 cup water
OR
1 cup fruit juice or potato water for baking

Mint

1 Tablespoon dried

1/4 cup chopped, fresh

Mushrooms

1 pound

10 oz canned, drained

Mustard

1 teaspoon dry

1 Tablespoon prepared

Onion

1 small

1 Tablespoon instant minced

Onion powder

1 Tablespoon

1 medium onion chopped OR 4 Tablespoons fresh chopped onion

Orange

1 medium

1/2 cup juice

Orange peel

1 medium

2 Tablespoons rind

Parsley

1 Tablespoon fresh

1 teaspoon dried

Peppers

1 Tablespoon dried

3 Tablespoons chopped fresh

Pimento

2 Tablespoons chopped

3 Tablespoons red bell pepper, chopped

Pumpkin pie spice

1 teaspoon

1/2 teaspoon cinnamon, 1/4 teaspoon ginger, 1/8 teaspoon allspice & 1/8 teaspoon nutmeg

Rennet

1 tablet

1 Tablespoon liquid rennet

Rice

1 cup, uncooked

1 cup uncooked brown or wild rice (3 cups cooked)

Saffron

Use turmeric for amount needed

Shortening, for baking

1 cup

1 cup minus 2 Tablespoons lard
OR
1 cup and 2 Tablespoons butter or margarine

Sour Cream

1 cup

3/4 cup sour milk and 1/3 cup margarine
OR
3/4 cup buttermilk and 1/3 cup margarine
OR
Blend 1/3 cup buttermilk, 1 Tablespoon lemon juice and 1 cup cottage cheese
OR
1 cup plain yogurt (Add 1 Tablespoon flour in cooked products)
OR
3/4 cup milk, 3/4 teaspoon lemon juice and 1/3 cup margarine

Shrimp

1 cup cooked

3/4 pound raw in shell
OR
7 oz package frozen
OR
5 oz canned

Sugar, white

1 cup

1 cup corn syrup minus 1/4 cup of liquid in recipe
OR
1-1/3 cup molasses minus 1/3 cup of liquid in recipe
OR
1-3/4 cups powdered or confectioners' sugar
OR
1 cup packed brown sugar
OR
1 cup honey minus 1/4 cup liquid in recipe

Tapioca, granular

1 Tablespoon

2 Tablespoons pearl tapioca

Tapioca, for thickening

1 Tablespoon

1 Tablespoon flour

Tomatoes, fresh

2 cups, chopped

16 oz can, drained

Tomato juice

1 cup

1/2 cup tomato sauce plus 1/2 cup water

Tomato puree

1 cup

6 oz can tomato paste plus water to equal 1 cup

Tomato sauce

2 cups

1 cup tomato paste plus 1 cup water

Tomato soup

2 cups

1 cup tomato sauce plus 1/4 cup water

Vanilla bean

1 inch piece

1 teaspoon flavoring

Worcestershire sauce

1 teaspoon

1 teaspoon steak sauce

Yeast

1 package

1 cake yeast
OR
1 Tablespoon dry yeast

Yogurt

1 cup

1 cup buttermilk
OR
1 cup cottage cheese and 1 teaspoon lemon juice
OR
1 cup sour cream